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Chapter 1. Disorders Usually First Diagnosed in Infancy, Childhood, or Adolescence

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The provision of a separate section for disorders that are usually first diagnosed in infancy, childhood, or adolescence is for convenience only and is not meant to suggest that there is any clear distinction between "childhood" and "adult" disorders. Although most individuals with these disorders present for clinical attention during childhood or adolescence, the disorders sometimes are not diagnosed until adulthood. Moreover, many disorders included in other sections of the manual often have an onset during childhood or adolescence. In evaluating an infant, child, or adolescent, the clinician should consider the diagnoses included in this section but also should refer to the disorders described elsewhere in this manual. Adults may also be diagnosed with disorders included in this section for Disorders Usually First Diagnosed in Infancy, Childhood, or Adolescence if their clinical presentation meets relevant diagnostic criteria (e.g., Stuttering, Pica). Moreover, if an adult had symptoms as a child that met full criteria for a disorder, but now presents with an attenuated or residual form, the In Partial Remission specifier may be indicated (e.g., Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Combined Type, In Partial Remission). For most (but not all) DSM-IV disorders, a single criteria set is provided that applies to children, adolescents, and adults (e.g., if a child or adolescent has symptoms that meet the criteria for Major Depressive Disorder, this diagnosis should be given, regardless of the individual's age). The variations in the presentation of a disorder that are attributable to an individual's developmental stage are described in a section in the text titled "Specific Culture, Age, and Gender Features." Specific issues related to the diagnosis of Personality Disorders in children or adolescents are discussed in Here.

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